Innovative techniques of buildings construction
There going on all over the planet a search for new ways to build our housing forms for you to have a content that is between innovation and the recovery of an ancient attitude of lightness, a mobility of our living that suits all 'environment. I refer to the textile architectures, those architectures that build membranes and read messages that seem of one of our "unconscious" that reminds us of our more ancient origin. In fact, from the Paleolithic man inhabits its space by adapting their way of life to the possibilities that the environment has to offer. It is a long journey, an evolution for survival and that started about 2 million years ago. Until the beginning of the build from the origins coincide with the beginning of the texture: the wood weave and weave hemp are the first acts of building his own house.
Twisting aces man old ships are built to move by sea and at the end of the journey of those axes intertwined, flips it over: makes the roofs of their homes. Even today, the language reminds us that origin, they speak of "weaving" of the beams, warp dell'assito that make up the aisles. Over time, these homes have been transformed by the man who has decorated and finally made them stable, eternal. Time and eternity and that this stability to which we modern humans are accustomed that requires a rethinking of how the planet once thought to be inexhaustible resources has revealed another "nature." Now all the research and innovation are committed to recover time, space, energy resources in accordance with the first and the prospect of an environmentally sustainable future.
The engines of the research in the field of new materials, were the world wars of the 900 and the conquest of space. Today, however, we can say that the new engine of the research is the achievement of a future for us and our environment. And this future can not start from that present sustainable. In this race you are drawing, designing and producing new materials. These have the characteristic of being fabrics, membranes that take us back to the very origin of building. Take us back to when the builder man "wove" the space who lived and clothed membranes, skins of animals killed during the hunt. Cutlery on wood structures intertwined these membranes protected from the cold and from the fairs. It was the American protest of the 60s that also poses the problem of a different way of understanding the living, riparlando a textile architecture of nomadic origin and its potential to return a more correct way of understanding the concept of living. These are the experiences that lead to the Drop-Out in San Francisco who build the shelter of Sausalito and where you experience the geodesic domes of Buckminster Fuller. The continual reference to the work of scientists and index that is not a challenge to technology. Rather and the lure of technology to the theme of the planet that we have seen recently in its true picture of NASA missions. It's not a coincidence that among people who belong there are Stewart Brand, Kevin Kelly, Howard Rheingold and others (www.wholeearth.com).
In those years there is a search expression that re-starts from the re-reading of the way of living of those in the "nature" not only lived there but instead he felt part. Much attention is constantly placed to the nomadic peoples and their ways of living. These are the years in which the Museum of Modern Art in NewYork-MoMA-Bernard Rudofsky exposes the Architecture without Architects: a collection of photos illustrating the different forms of living on the planet. Who says that the act of building an unnatural act and always says one thing that just wants to produce an effect of surprise. In essence, the building and its internal and Nature.
What is interesting here and the use made of a simple technique immediately and millenary weaving: weaving was born from the need to satisfy basic material needs of the body, such as covering, to defend themselves from sudden changes in temperature and the atmospheric events. But it was soon used to build spaces around the man, assuming a value even more lasting and visible even to the "other." The history of weaving follows step by step the humanity.
Even today that the theme and environmental sustainability weaving back to being the key term. To the left of membrane products which now are used in all constructions such as geotextiles, non-woven fabrics, the sheets of various nature that come within the manufacturing or furnishing fabrics there is a use of textile materials and that specific to create new architectural languages: return to the above concept of an architecture that takes us back in time. The first evidence of constructions made of membranes date back to 40,000 BC, in the Upper Paleolithic. The first discoveries were made in the territories of Ukraine, whose population were nomads. During the winter were standing in the valleys more sheltered from the icy winds during the Estala steppe periglaciate moved around in search of food. The hut built with readily available natural materials such as bones and animal skins, wood, leaves and straw, is the ultimate expression of lightness, flexibility and adaptability, all paradigms peculiar to a nomadic culture.
These same characteristics have been taken from our most up to date technology in the construction of the space, and represent the elements that make editable, soft, variables, our spaces as well as adaptable, dismantled and recycled for almost the totality. We are not talking about simple furnishing fabrics but of a series of materials in sheets, fabrics, membranes that can be realized in different materials. It is textile composite membranes that are the result of activities of recycling of different materials. The argument, however, is not new: in fact, the European Community has already for several years saw the potential value of this research funding two research projects: through the financing of a project, Competitive and Sustainable Growth of the Fifth Framework Programme (1997-2001), and have enabled the European thematic network TensiNet.
The second project involves the financing by the European Community - with a contribution of 10 million - an integrated project of research centers and small and medium enterprises in the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) and created the consortium Contex- T, for the development of textile materials for multifunctional applications in architecture. This project ended in August of 2010. For Italy and the company Canobbio call to participate in this project. The company produces textile materials, textile membranes, lightweight materials of all kinds for the realization of a type of architecture that is experiencing a season of renewal. It is interesting to note that today innovation, especially that which deals to recover and recycle has shifted right inside of these materials, textile membranes. Upstream of these productive activities, there are studies that start from the analysis of the life cycles of materials.
The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and a systematic analysis that evaluates the flows of matter and energy throughout the life of a product, from raw material extraction, production, use to disposal of the product itself a time has become waste. The overall objective of LCA and assess the environmental impacts associated with the various stages of the life cycle of a product, from the perspective of an environmental improvement of processes and products. This has become the main goal of some companies to design and build a product that causes less impact on the environment.
Many of the results were about the nature of these companies that have been able to transfer technology from one field to another application. A further element that highlights an attitude to the "movement" in terms of intelligence applied. Especially in relation to the possibility of recycling products. In this case it is necessary to distinguish between mono and multilayer ones. The recyclability of the mono component and easy and ensures complete recovery of the matter. This is already an index in favor of the choice of architectures read.
The demand for better performance but requires coupling of different materials making it less agile recycling of materials. The Texyloop Group Ferrari for example has set its research and its production in the recovery of textile composite membranes of origin vinyl. Recovers within a dense network of the European PVC tarpaulins and discharged through a process divided into six phases (pre-treatment, dissolution, separation, precipitation, drying, solvent recovery) recovers the materials that come back to enter the building process. The site Texyloop is not so much designed to show the quality of its products but to show us how its activity has as its primary objective a kind of "absorption" of the impact of the material on the environment.
08/02/2011
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Translated via software
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Source:
Italian version of ReteArchitetti.it